The final objective of this website’s is to provide a one-stop resource for concerned citizens who want to learn more about the shape of designer extinction.
Why? Because it’s time more concerned citizens made the move from half-hearted Environmentalism to full-on Gaianism. A Gaianist is one who not only discerns the shape of right relation with the living world, but attempts to embody that relation in one’s own day-to-day. Deep ecologists are Gaianists, so are members of the Extinction Rebellion. The CEOs of most large environmental organizations are not Gaianists – not if they believe going greem means swapping out from fuels for “clean energy” without at the same time clawing back on their own typically exorbitant lifestyles. That is Environmentalism, not Gaianism.
How? As with Charles Darwin and his barnacles, as with E.O. Wilson and his ants, as with David Suzuki and his fruit flies, so with Gaianism: one begins by loving and learning about some part of the living world, and then moves out from there. Deep-Snow Caribou shed illuminating light on the structure of our current social order. If only for this reason, they make a perfect entry point to apprenticeship. Hence this bibliography.
PAPERS & REPORTS PERTAINING TO WOODLAND CARIBOU, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DEEP-SNOW MOUNTAIN CARIBOU, WOLVES, OLDGROWTH INLAND RAINFORESTS & ARBOREAL HAIR LICHENS
NOTE: This webpage is under construction. More to come. Stay tuned.
CURRENT TO 31 JULY 2020
Adams, L.G. 2003. Marrow fat deposition and skeletal growth in caribou calves. Journal of Wildlife Management 67:20–24.
Adams, L.G. 2005. Effects of maternal characteristics and climatic variation on birth masses of Alaskan caribou. Journal of Mammalogy 86:506–513.
Aagnes, T.H., W. Sormo and S.D. Mathiesen. 1995. Ruminal microbial digestion in free-living, in captive lichen-fed, and in starved reindeer (Rangifer tranadus tarandus) in Winter. Applied and Environmental Microbiology Feb 1995: 583–591.
Andrews, W.J. 2017. Species at Risk Act, S.C. 2002, c. 29 Application to The Honourable Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change and to Governor in Council for an Emergency Order under section 80 to Protect Matrix Range Critical Habitat of the Wells Gray-Thompson Local Population Unit of the Woodland Caribou, Southern Mountain Caribou population (Rangifer tarandus caribou) Against Timber Harvesting and Related Road-building on Provincial Crown Land. 68 pages + appendices. Available here. (Accessed August 2018.)
Anonymous. 2017. Wolf Management Plan for Caribou: Summary Year Three – 2016–17 FINAL – August 28 2017. Available here. (Accessed July 2018.)
Antifeau, T.D. 1987. The significance of snow and arboreal lichens in Wells Gray Provincial Park with special reference to their importance to mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the North Thompson watershed of British Columbia. M.Sc. thesis, University of British Columbia. 142 pages.
Apps, C. and B. McLellan. 2006. Factors influencing the dispersion and fragmentation of endangered mountain caribou populations. Biological Conservation 130: 84–97. Available here.
Apps, C.D., B.N. McLellan, T.A. Kinley and J.P Flaa. 2001. Scale-dependent habitat selection by mountain caribou, Columbia Mountains, British Columbia. Journal of Wildlife Management 65: 65–77.
Apps, C.D., B.N. McLellan, T. Kinley, R. Serrouya, D. Seip and H. Wittmer. 2013. Spatial factors related to mortality and population decline of endangered mountain caribou. Journal of Wildlife Management 77: 1409–1419.
Armleder, H.M. and S.K. Stevenson. 1996. Using alternative silvicultural systems to integrate Mountain Caribou and timber management in British Columbia. Rangifer, Special Issue 9: 141–147.
Arsenault, A. and T. Goward. 2000. Ecological characteristics of inland rain forests. At risk: proceedings of a conference on the biology and management of species and habitats at risk, Kamloops, B.C., 15–19 February, 1999, Vol. 1 (ed. by L.M. Darling), pp. 437–439. BC Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC and University College of the Cariboo, Kamloops, BC.
Auditor General of British Columbia. 2015. Managing the cumulative effects of natural resource development in British Columbia. Auditor General of British Columbia, Victoria. Available here. (Accessed October 2018.)
BC Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Integrated Land Management Bureau. 2007. Mountain Caribou Recovery Implementation Plan, comprised of: News Release, Backgrounder, and Map. 16 October 2007. Available at xxx. (Accessed xxx)
BC Ministry of Environment. 2009. Mountain Caribou Recovery Implementation Plan: Update to the Mountain Caribou Progress Board, February 2009. Available here. (Accessed October 2018.)
Bergerud, A.T. 1974. Decline of caribou in North America following settlement. Journal of Wildlife Management 38: 757–770.
Bergerud, A.T. 1996. Evolving perspectives on caribou population dynamics, have we got it right yet? Rangifer Special Issue 9: 95–116.
Bergerud, A.T. 2000. Caribou. Chapter 11, pages 658–693 in Ecology and Management of Large Mammals in North America. S. Demarais and P.R. Krausmann (eds.). Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Bergerud, A.T. and J.P. Elliot. 1986. Dynamics of caribou and wolves in northern British Columbia. Can. J. Zool. 64: 1515–1529.
Bird, C., R. Gill, R. Serrouya and H. van Oort. 2015–16. Lake Revelstoke wolf census. BC Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations, Nelson, BC. Available here. (Accessed August 2018).
Boan, J.J., J.R. Malcolm, M.D. Vanier, D.L. Euler and F.M. Moola. 2018. From climate to caribou: how manufacturing of uncertainty is affecting wildlife management. Wildlife Society Bulletin 42: 366–381.
Boutin, S. and E. Merrill. 2016. A review of population-based management of Southern Mountain caribou in BC. Report to Columbia Mountains Institute. March 2016. Available at xxx (Accessed October 2018)
Brook, R.K., M. Cattet, C.T. Darimont, P.C. Paquet and G. Proulx. 2015. Maintaining ethical standards during conservation crises. Canadian wildlife biology and management 4: 72–79.
Brockman, C.J., W.B. Collins, J.M. Welker, D.E. Spalinger and B.W. Dale. 2017. Determining kill rates of ungulate calves by brown bears using neck-mounted cameras. Wildlife Society Bulletin 41: 88–97.
Brook, R.K., M. Cattet, C.T. Darimont, P.C. Paquet and G. Proulx. 2015. Maintaining ethical standards during conservation crises. Canadian wildlife biology and management 4: 72–79.
Brown, G.S., L. Landriault, D.J.H. Sleep and F.F. Mallory. 2007. Comments arising from a paper by Wittmer et al.: hypothesis testing for top-down and bottom-up effects in woodland caribou populations dynamics. Oecologia 154: 485–492.
Brown, G. and F. Mallory. 2007. A review of ungulate nutrition and the role of top-down and bottom-up forces in woodland caribou population dynamics. National Council for Air and Stream Improvement. Technical Bulletin No. 934: 1–94.
Cameron, R.D., W.T. Smith, S.G. Fancy, K.L. Gerhart and R G. White. 1993. Calving success of female caribou in relation to body weight. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 480–486.
Campbell, J. and D.S. Coxson. 2003. Canopy microclimate and arboreal lichen loading in subalpine spruce-fir forest. Canadian Journal of Botany 79: 537–555.
Campbell, J., S.K. Stevenson and D.S. Coxson. 1999. Estimating epiphyte abundance in high elevation forests of Northern British Columbia. Selbyana 20: 261–267.
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Ceballos, G., P.R. Ehrlich and R. Dirzo. 2017. Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signalled by vertebrate population losses and declines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 114: E6089–E6096.
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Cook, R.C., J.G. Cook, D.J. Vales, B.K. Johnson, S.M. McCorquodale, L.A. Shipley, R.A. Riggs, L.L. Irwin, S.L. Murphie, B.L. Murphie and K.A. Schoenecker. 2013. Regional and seasonal patterns of nutritional condition and reproduction in elk. Wildlife Monographs 184: 1–45.
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COSEWIC. 2002. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xi + 98 pp. Available here. (Accessed October 2018.)
COSEWIC. 2011. Designatable Units for Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 88 pages. Available at xxx
COSEWIC. 2014. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Caribou Rangifer tarandus, Northern Mountain population, Central Mountain population and Southern Mountain population in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xxii + 113 pages. Available here. (Accessed October 2018.)
Cox, S. 2018a. All hype, no help: B.C. draws ire from scientists over caribou plan. The Narwhal 19 Oct 2018. Available here. (Accessed October 2018).
Cox, S. 2018b. BC approves 83 logging cutblocks in endangered caribou habitat in last six months. The Narwhal 23 Oct 2018. Available here. (Accessed October 2018.)
Cox, S. 2019a. “A sad day”: two more BC mountain caribou herds now locally extinct. The Narwhal 14 Jan 2019. Available here. (Accessed March 2019).
Cox, S. 2019b. BC approves 314 new cutblocks in endangered caribou habitat over last five months. The Narwhal 14 March 2019. Available here. (Accessed March 2019).
Cox, S. 2020a. ‘A dangerous road’: Coastal GasLink pays to kill wolves in endangered caribou habitat in B.C. interior. The Narwhal 13 April 2020. Available here.
Cox, S. 2020b. The complicated tale of why B.C. paid $2 million to shoot wolves in endangered caribou habitat this winter. The Narwhal 25 April 2020. Available here. (Accessed July 2020).
Coxson, D.S. and M. Coyle. 2003. Niche partitioning and photosynthetic response of lichens from subalpine spruce-fir forest in north-central British Columbia, Canada: the role of canopy microclimate. Lichenologist 35: 157–175.
Coxson, D.S. and M. Curteanu. 2002. Decomposition of hair lichens (Alectoria sarmentosa and Bryoria spp.) under snowpack in montane forest, Cariboo Mountains, British Columbia. Lichenologist 34: 395–402.
Coxson, D., T. Goward and J.R. Werner. 2020. The Inland Temperate Rainforest and Interior Wetbelt Biomes of Western North America. Pages 88–102 in M.I. Goldstein and D.A. DellaSala (Eds.), Encyclopedia of the World’s Biomes, vol. 3. Elsevier, pp. 88–102.
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Della Sala, D., P. Alaback, L. Craighead, T. Goward, P. Paquet and T. Spribille. 2011. Chapter 3. Temperate and boreal rainforests of inland northwestern North America. Pp. 82–110 in D. Della Sala (ed.): Temperate and boreal rainforests of the world. Island Press, Washington.
DeMars, C. 2017. Recovery action plan for Southern Mountain caribou within the Kootenay Region. BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Victoria. Not seen, cited in report available here. (Accessed October 2018)
Detrick, R.W.T. 1985. Effects of fire and logging on arboreal lichen availability to caribou. M.Sc. thesis, University of Idaho Graduate School. 49 pages.
Dickie, M., R. Serrouya, C. DeMars, J. Cranston and S. Boutin. 2017. Evaluating functional recovery of habitat for threatened woodland caribou. Ecosphere 8(9):e01936: 1–15.
Doak, D.F., J.A. Estes, B.S. Halpern, U. Jacob, D.R. Lindberg, J. Lovvorn, D.H. Monson, M.T. Tinker, T.M. Williams, J.T. Wootton, I. Carroll, M. Emmerson, F. Micheli and M. Novak. 2008. Understanding and Predicting Ecological Dynamics: Are Major Surprises Inevitable? Ecology 89: 952–961.
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Edmonds, J. 1991. Status of woodland caribou in western North America. Rangifer, Special Issue No. 7: 91–107.
Edwards, R.Y. 1954. Fire and the decline of a mountain caribou herd. Journal of Wildlife Management 18: 521–526.
Edwards, R.Y. 1956. Snow depths and ungulate abundance in the mountains of western Canada. Journal of Wildlife Management 20: 159–168.
Edwards, R.Y. 1958. Land form and caribou distribution in British Columbia. Journal of Mammology 39: 408–412.
Edwards, R.Y. and R.W. Ritcey. 1959. Migrations of caribou in a mountainous area in Wells Gray Park, British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 73: 21–25.
Edwards, R.Y. and R.W. Ritcey. 1960. Foods of caribou in Wells Gray Park, British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 74: 3–7.
Edwards, R.Y., J. Soos and R.W. Ritcey. 1960. Quantitative observations of epidendric lichens used as food by caribou. Ecology 41: 425–431.
Elbroch, L.M., P.E. Lendrum, J. Newby, H. Quigley and D.J. Thompson. 2015. Recolonizing wolves influence the realized niche of resident cougars. Zoological Studies 54:41: 1–15.
Environment Canada. 2014. Recovery Strategy for the Woodland Caribou, Southern Mountain population (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. viii + 103 pages. Available here. (Accessed October 2018).
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Esseen, P.-A., T. Olsson., D. Coxson and Y. Gauslaa. 2015. Morphology influences water storage in hair lichens from boreal forest canopies. Fungal Ecology 18: 26–35.
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Forest Practices Board. 2015a. Timber Removal in Mountain Caribou Habitat, Special Investigation, FPB/SIR/45, December 2015. Available here. (Accessed October 2018).
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Furk, K. and R. Serrouya. 2017. Revelstoke Caribou Maternity Pen Project Annual Report, Year 2, April 1st, 2017-March 31st, 2017. Unpublished report, Revelstoke Caribou Rearing in the Wild, Revelstoke, BC. 21 pages. Available here. (Accessed August 2018).
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